Breast Cancer: What to Watch For and What to Do Next

Breast cancer shows up in different ways. Sometimes it’s a small lump you feel, sometimes it’s changes on a mammogram, and other times it’s skin or nipple changes you don’t expect. If you notice anything new—lumps, puckered skin, persistent redness, nipple discharge or a change in breast size—call your doctor. Early action makes a real difference.

Spotting signs and getting checked

Self-checks help you know what’s normal for your body, but they don’t replace screening. Most guidelines recommend regular mammograms starting around ages 40–50, depending on where you live and your risk. If you have a strong family history or genetic mutations like BRCA1/2, screening starts earlier and may include MRI. Ask your provider for a clear screening plan based on your personal risk.

When a mammogram or exam finds something suspicious, the next steps usually include diagnostic imaging and a biopsy. Biopsy results tell whether cells are cancerous and what subtype you have—hormone receptor positive, HER2-positive, or triple-negative. That subtype guides treatment.

Treatment choices and what they mean

Treatment mixes local options and systemic ones. Local care focuses on the tumor and nearby tissue: lumpectomy (remove the tumor) plus radiation, or mastectomy (remove the breast). Systemic treatments travel through the body: chemotherapy, hormone therapy (like tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors), targeted therapy (for HER2-positive cancer), and newer immunotherapies in some cases.

Decisions depend on tumor size, node status, subtype, your age, and overall health. Ask your team: Why this treatment? What side effects should I expect? How will it affect fertility, work, or daily life? If you want kids, talk with a fertility specialist before chemo.

Clinical trials can offer access to cutting-edge treatments. If standard options worry you or don’t fit, ask whether a trial is right for you. Your oncology team or a patient navigator can help find trials and explain risks and benefits.

Side effect management matters. Lymphedema (arm swelling) can be reduced with early physical therapy, and nausea, fatigue, and nerve changes often have effective treatments. Mental health support—counseling, support groups, or patient organizations—helps many people cope during and after treatment.

After treatment, follow-up care includes regular exams and imaging, plus attention to bone health, heart health (some drugs affect the heart), and lifestyle changes that support recovery. Quit smoking, stay active, and aim for a balanced diet—small steps help energy and healing.

If you’re worried or just need clarity, write down questions before appointments. Bring a friend or family member for support. Your care team should explain options in plain language and help you weigh trade-offs. You don’t have to figure this out alone.

Want specific articles, drug details, or advice about screening schedules? Explore our site or contact a healthcare professional to get answers tailored to your situation.